reaction of FGD gypsum with ammonium carbonate ((NH4) CO) to produce ammonium sulfate ((NH4)SO) and cal cium carbonate (CaCO). Both the ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate products are commercially valuable mate rials and are produced by the present process in high purity and high yield. Ammonium sulfate (21-0-0-24S) is used …
The conversion of FGD-gypsum to calcium carbonate and ammonium sulfate by reacting it with COz and ammonia or by reacting it with ammonium carbonate is being studied in …
The authors have been developing a process which converts FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer with precipitated calcium carbonate as a by-product during the conversion. Preliminary cost estimates suggest that the process is economically feasible when ammonium sulfate crystals are produced in a granular size (1.2 to 3.3 mm), …
The authors have been developing a process which converts FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer with precipitated calcium carbonate as a by-product during the conversion. Preliminary cost estimates suggest that the process is economically feasible when ammonium sulfate crystals are produced in a granular size (1.2 to 3.3 mm), instead of …
producing fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced as part of limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes. This is a cooperative effort among the ISGS, the UIUC, AlliedSignal, SE-ME, Henry Fertilizer, Illinois Power Co. (IP), and Central Illinois Public Services (CIPS). Bench-scale experiments will
Phase I of the project focused on the process for converting FGD-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer with PCC produced as a by-product during the conversion. Early cost estimates suggested that the process was economically feasible when granular size ammonium sulfate crystals were produced. However, sale of the by-product PCC …
One approach is to produce cost-competitive ammonium sulfate fertilizer and commercial-grade calcium carbonate from FGD-gypsum. Ammonium sulfate is a valuable source of …
In-season effect of flue gas desulfurization gypsum on soil physical properties. J. Environ. Qual., 43 (2014), pp. 322-327. ... Producing ammonium sulfate from flue gas desulfurization by-products. Energy Sources, 27 (2005), pp. 1061-1071. Crossref View in Scopus Google Scholar.
using FGD are challenged by expensive landfill dis posal costs, successful production of fertilizer from FGD-gypsum would economically favor FGD technology. The economics of the conversion process will be improved by an additional revenue from sale of by-product, PCC. Phase I of this project focused on an economical process to produce ammonium ...
*Based on 2019 market pricing in Pennsylvania. †Adjusted for value of N content by subtracting $0.46/lb N. ‡Adjusted for value of K 2 O content by subtracting $0.33/lb K 2 O. Meeting Crop Sulfur Needs. In situations where S fertilizer additions are likely to be beneficial, recommended application rates are 15–25 lb/A S for grain crops …
Ammonium Sulfate Fertilizer From Fgd Gypsum Convert fgd gypsum into ammonium sulphate in karnal.Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from fgd gypsum conversion of fgd gypsum to ammonium sulfate was tested at 60 70c for 5 6 hr yield up to 82 and purity up to 95 were achieved for the ammonium sulfate production during this …
The goal of this study is to assess the technical and economic feasibility of producing marketable products, namely fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate, from gypsum produced as part of lime/limestone flue gas …
Goal is to assess technical and economic feasibility for producing fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced in limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD). This is the 1st year of a 2-year program among Illinois State Geological Survey, University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign), Allied-Signal, Marketing Chem. Process Inc., …
Manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from …
WEBGoal is to assess technical and economic feasibility for producing fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced …
Flue-gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum is a highly prevalent industrial by-product worldwide, which can be an excellent alternative to natural gypsum due to its high content of CaSO4·2H2O. The preparation of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate is a high-value pathway for the efficient use of FGD gypsum. Here, a dynamic method, or an improved …
Efficient ammonia desulfurization (EADS) is the core service of JET. From the reaction between NH 3 and SO 2, it is capable of efficiently removing SO 2 from the exhaust gas and also producing valuable fertilizer, ammonium sulfate. Compared to the most widely used limestone-gypsum process in boiler flue gas treatment, the EADS is more efficient, …
High yields (up to 83%) of ammonium sulfate with up to 99% purity were achieved under relatively mild conditions. The optimal conversion condition was observed at 60°C and a 4-hour residence time. The results of this study indicate the technical feasibility of producing ammonium sulfate fertilizer from an FGD by-product.
Millions of tone of FGD-gypsum by-product may be produced in this decade as a result of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. In this research, bench-scale experiments were conducted to obtain process data for the production of ammonium sulfate from FGD-gypsum and to help evaluate technical and economic feasibilities of …
The overall goal of this project is to assess the technical and economic feasibility for producing commercial-grade ammonium sulfate fertilizer from gypsum produced as part of limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes. This is a cooperative effort among the ISGS, the UIUC, AlliedSignal, SE-ME, Henry Fertilizer, Illinois Power Co. (IP), and …
Mineralogically identical to natural gypsum, FGD gypsum, or synthetic gypsum, is produced from gas captured within emission control systems at coal fired electric utilities. An emission that would compromise air quality, sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas, is the primary contribution coal makes to FGD gypsum. Utilities that produce panel-grade synthetic …
Costs for constructing and operating a conceptual plant based on a proposed process that converts flue gas desulfurization (FGD)-gypsum to ammonium sulfate fertilizer has been calculated and used to estimate a market price for the product. The average market price of granular ammonium sulfate ($138/ton) exceeds the rough …
The overall goal of this project was to assess the technical and economic feasibility of producing fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced as part of …
The overall goal of this project is to assess the technical and economic feasibility for producing commercial-grade ammonium sulfate fertilizer from gypsum produced as …
FGD PROCESS SELECTION Individual utilities are selecting FGD processes based on a number of criteria including: •SO2 removal efficiencies—generally 92-95% plus •Availability of resources/reagents—i.e. water, limestone, lime •Byproduct handling requirements—storage/disposal availability •Marketability of byproduct •Cost •Cost •Cost!
Conference: Cost estimates for manufacture of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from gypsum-rich by product of the flue gas desulfurization ... The goal of this project was to assess the technical and economic feasibility of producing fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate from gypsum produced as part of limestone FGD processes. The …
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Project Title: MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIUM SULFATE FERTILIZER FROM FGD-GYPSUM ICCI Project Number: Principal Investigator: Other Investigators: Project Manager; DOE Cooperative Agreement Number: DE-FC22-92PC9252 1 (Year 3) 94-1/3.1B-3M M.4.M. Chou, Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) M. Rostam-Abadi and …
In this study, the technical feasibility of producing ammonium sulfate from FGD residues by allowing it to react with ammonium carbonate in an aqueous solution …
Gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) is a natural mineral. It is, however, also well known as a by-product (co-fertilizer material) of technologies producing phosphate fertilizers (Parrish and Ogilvie 1939; Kongshaug et al. 2000), technologies used for the production of TiO 2 (Gázquez et al. 2014), and others.From the "non-chemical" …
The goal of this study is to assess the technical and economic feasibility of producing marketable products, namely fertilizer-grade ammonium sulfate and calcium …