Abstract. Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. Owing to the depleting reserves of traditional high grade iron ore, there have been considerable changes in iron ore resources available throughout the world, especially in steel mills in East Asia.
Like other sintering processes, iron ore sintering converts iron ore fines of often − 8 mm sizing into larger agglomerates, namely, sinter, between 5 and 50 mm particle size, which possess the physical and metallurgical characteristics and gas permeability required for efficient blast furnace operation.As shown in Figure 14.1, iron ore sintering …
ABSTRACT. Sintering is a process of agglomeration of iron ore fines, fluxes, recycled products, slag-forming elements, and coke with the purpose of …
Microindentation testing was undertaken on sinter phases in iron ore sinter to determine the range and mean of phase/morphology microhardness. The mean fracture toughness of each sinter phase/texture was calculated from indent-associated radial cracks. A value for the composite microhardness (CH) and composite fracture …
Nitrogen oxides in iron ore sintering2.1. Emission characteristics. It has been determined that it is almost impossible to replicate technologies of low NOx combustion from other industries for iron ore sintering. Sintering is distinct from a coal-fired furnace, as it involves the three-way coexistence of gas, solids, and liquids.
Lead (Pb) increases the corrosion rate of refractory lining in blast furnaces. The iron ore sintering process plays a vital role in decreasing lead content of the feeding materials for blast furnaces.
Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. Owing to the depleting reserves of traditional high grade iron ore, there have been considerable changes in iron ore resources available throughout the world, especially in steel mills in East Asia.
A mathematical model of the iron ore sintering process in a fixed sinter bed and optimisation of the process parameters using real valued genetic algorithm is described. The mathematical model is formulated based on mass and energy balances in gas and solid phases, which are represented by simple partial differential equations. ...
The earliest granulation studies focused on understanding the influence of parameters including moisture, drum speed and residence time on granulation effectiveness. 3,4 The major constituent of sinter blends is iron ore; Litster and Waters 1 conducted the initial studies on the impact of particle size distribution (PSD) on the …
F. Verdeja (2017) Iron Ore Sintering: Raw Materials and Granulation, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 38:1, 36-46, DOI: 10.1080/08827508.2016.1244059
ensuring a suitable sinter bed permeability and thus improving the productivity of the sinter plant. † Fernández-González et al. (2017b): Iron ore sintering: Process, where the ori …
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2015.04.015 Corpus ID: 154450255; Operational and environmental assessment on the use of charcoal in iron ore sinter production @article{Abreu2015OperationalAE, title={Operational and environmental assessment on the use of charcoal in iron ore sinter production}, author={Guilherme Correa Abreu and …
Iron ore sintering entails high energy consumption and also produces significant pollution, responsible for the highest share of CO 2 emission, as well as SO 2 and NOx emissions, in the iron and steel production processes. 5 The SO 2 and NO X emissions from this process account for ∼70% and ∼40% of the total iron and steel …
Modeling Sintering Process of Iron Ore Jose Adilson de Castro Graduate Program on Metallurgical Engineering -Federal Fluminense University Brazil 1. Introduction In this chapter, a methodology for simulating th e sintering process of iron ore is presented. In order to study the process parameters and inner phenomena, a mathematical model
The sintering process can be defined as a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slag-forming agents, and solid fuel (coke) with the objective of obtaining a product with the suitable characteristics (thermal, mechanical, physical, and chemical) to be fed to the …
The sintering process begins with preparation of a sinter mixture consisting of iron ore fines, fluxes, solid fuel (called bonding agents in Japan) such as coke breeze, and return fines from the sinter plant as well as recycled ferruginous materials from downstream iron and steelmaking processes.
ABSTRACT. Sintering is an agglomeration process that fuses iron ore fines, fluxes, recycled products, slag-forming elements and coke. The purpose of sintering is to obtain a product with suitable composition, quality and granulometry to be used as burden material in the blast furnace.
Iron ore sinter plants are energy-intensive components of integrated iron and steel production (see Table 1), where the iron ore fines (<5 mm) are converted into larger (>5 mm) lump sinter cakes with greater gas permeability, which are the most important burden materials for iron making in blast furnaces (BFs) [7].The main process is shown …
The sintering behaviour of ore fines under different Al2O3 content and different alkalinity was studied by DSC–TG method. The reaction kinetics of the sintering process was calculated. Simultaneously, the experimental products were analysed by microscopic analysis. The effects of different content of Al2O3 and alkalinity on the …
Waste gases from iron ore fine preparations for blast furnace ironmaking, or sintering, contain minute quantities of acidic species, dust, and dioxin pollutants, but because of the very large quantities of iron ore processed and the large volume throughput of air involved, sintering is a major source of these emissions and also CO 2 into the …
Sinter plants currently have to use many types of ores with different properties owing to the great demand for iron ores, which was driven by the massive growth in Chinese iron and steel industry. On the other hand, the development of iron ore mines is limited and the quality of iron ores is in a tendency of deterioration.
2. Resource utilization. Thailand does not produce many raw materials in large quantity apart from natural rubber, gypsum, and cement. The import figures show …
The objective of iron ore agglomeration is to generate a suitable product of granules in terms of thermal, mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Sintering and pelletization processes are largely influenced by the source of iron ore and the way in which the beneficiation flowsheet is adopted.
Understanding Sinter and Sinter Plant Operations. satyendra; March 15, 2015; 8 Comments ; fluxes, Iron ore fines, SCFA, sinter, sinter plant. basic sinter, sintering machine,; Understanding Sinter and Sinter Plant Operations Sintering is a process of agglomeration of fine mineral particles into a porous and lumpy mass by …
Iron ore sinter plants are energy-intensive components of integrated iron and steel production (see Table 1), where the iron ore fines (<5 mm) are converted into …
10 districts (of 247 in total) account for 51.7% of the total exposed mismanaged plastic waste in the high-priority catchments. These are all situated in or …
A study was carried out into the use of charcoal as a supplementary fuel in the iron-ore sintering process.The primary fuel was coke breeze and anthracite with 0, 10, 25, 50 and replacement of the energy input with charcoal to produce sinter. This was achieved by considering the carbon content of each fuel and its corresponding …
Based on the particle size, iron ores are classified as iron ore fines (<10 mm) or iron ore lump (6.3–31.5 mm); iron ore fines are first processed in a sinter plant, while lump ores can be charged into the blast furnace (BF) directly. Iron ore lump is the lowest cost iron bearing material for the BF burden.
Fig 1 Main components of sinter machine . Pallet cars . The pallet cars convey the green feed material along the machine strand and above the wind boxes (where there is negative system pressure) while the sintering process …
The main air pollutants in the sintering process of iron ore are polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and harmful dust. Ore sintering on sinter strands is one of the first technology steps in the ironworks. It is a process in which iron ore is crushed, subjected to annealing and mixed with …
Despite the Thai government's ban of four more types of single-use plastics in 2022, up to 250,000 tonnes of imported plastic waste from other nations continues to flow into the country annually through the international plastic waste trade. Thailand is trying to stay the course with …
Moreover, the conventional iron making unit, i.e. blast furnace requires the raw material in the form of iron oxide with a size range of 10–120 mm. Sintering is the oldest agglomerate thermal process using iron ore mineral fines of 0.5–8 mm, along with the reductant, fluxes, and other byproducts of the iron and steel industry operated ...
The inhomogeneous sinter properties in super-high bed sintering have been reported in our previous research. To investigate the reasons for the inhomogeneous phenomena, detailed sampling and analysis of mixed material bed and sintered bed in super-high bed sintering plant were executed. The results indicated that the higher …