Side view of phosphogypsum stack. Phosphate production generates huge amounts of phosphogypsum wastes, nearly 48 million MTs in 1988 alone. Industry estimates that 5.2 tons of phosphogypsum is produced for every ton of phosphoric acid. Phosphogypsum has little market value and is transferred as a slurry to waste piles …
The phosphogypsum valorization became a necessity when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) legislation was modified in 1992 and allowed the use of PG with an average 226 Ra of less than 370 Bq/kg for agricultural applications …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is the primary byproduct generated during the production of phosphoric acid, an intermediate product in phosphate fertilizer production, from calcium phosphate (apatite) ore. PG also exists in very small amounts in nature where it is the result of natural guano processes as they took for instance place in the …
Phosphogypsum(PG) is one of the typical bulk industrial solid wastes generated in the phosphate chemical industry. Due to its huge production volume and immature resource treatment technology, a large amount of PG can only be stored and disposed in slag yards, and its impact on the ecological environment is becoming increasingly significant during …
Phosphogypsum disposal was a very simple matter in the early days of the industry. If at all possible, you located your plant near the ocean or on a river and dumped the phosphogypsum into the sea or the river. If you were foolish enough to locate where water disposal was not possible, you suffered the economic penalty of having to stack the ...
Phosphogypsum (PG) is the primary byproduct generated during the production of phosphoric acid, an intermediate product in phosphate fertilizer production, …
The 4-year average cotton yields were 2·6 t ha −1 with 8 t ha −1 phosphogypsum, 2·4 t ha −1 with 4·5 t ha −1 phosphogypsum, and 1·4 t ha −1 with the control. Since the amendment was applied once at the beginning, exchangeable Mg 2+ levels tended to increase 4 years after its application, particularly in the treatment with …
2.1 Phosphogypsum Generation Processes. The wet and dry process are the two main commercial processes used to produce phosphoric acid from natural phosphate. The dry process consists of a thermal reduction of rock phosphate at 2000 °C using an electrical furnace in the presence of coke or silica.
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a major hazardous by-product of the phosphate industry. The whole world is facing the challenge of increasing stockpiles of PG, which significantly affect safety and the environment. ... discuss the radiological hazards of PG, and analyse the current status of PG applications and research in highway engineering. …
Phosphogypsum is usually a yellowish-white, light greyish-white or dark grey fine powdery solid. The main component of PG is CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O, which accounts for more than 90% of its total composition. In addition, PG contains phosphorus, fluorine, organic matters and other impurities (e.g. heavy metal elements and nuclides) (Rashad, …
Phosphogypsum is an acidic by-product from the phosphate fertilizer industry. Large quantities are produced world-wide and it is estimated that by the year 2000 up to 280 million tonnes will be produced annually. Although phosphogypsum is mainly calcium sulfate dihydrate, it contains elevated levels of impurities which originate …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product produced during the wet process of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production from natural phosphate rocks. Approximately 4–6 tons of PG is produced per ton of ...
In: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Phosphogypsum, Orlando, FL, FIPR Pub. No. 01-060-083, December 1990, vol. II 394-401. Google Scholar Berish, C.W. (1990) Potential Environmental hazards of phosphogypsum storage in central Florida. Proceedings of the third international symposium on phosphogypsum.
Phosphoric acid manufacturing generates large amounts of phosphogypsum (PG); a by-product generally disposed in the surface or evacuated in the seawater without any pretreatment. Phosphogypsum may host non-negligible amounts of valuable elements such as rare earth elements (REEs), which are critical elements on …
Abstract Phosphogypsum (PG) is an acidic by-product that is created during the production of phosphoric acid using the sulfuric acid route. The management of PG poses a significant environmental challenge worldwide due to its large quantity and chemical composition. While PG primarily consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate, it also …
2. Regulate the safe treatment, storage and disposal of phosphogypsum as hazardous waste; 3. Designate phosphogypsum a high-priority substance for risk evaluation; 4. Require manufacturers to conduct testing on phosphogypsum and process wastewater; and 5. Determine that the use of phosphogypsum in road construction is a significant …
2.3.2 Physical Properties. Phosphogypsum is greyish and has a granulometry of fewer than 250 microns, 77 μm on average (Lassad et al. 2008). The density of PG is 2.98 …
Alawi Zawawi, Vice Chairman of USG Boral Zawawi Gypsum, a leading player in the export of natural gypsum, said that Oman has the potential to export cumulatively total more than 300 million tonnes over the next 15 years (2018-2032), going by current trends. At an average Export FOB price of $18 per tonne, this could generate …
Phosphogypsum is a solid waste byproduct from processing phosphate ore to make phosphoric acid that is later used in fertilizer. Phosphogypsum contains …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product produced during the wet process of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production from natural phosphate rocks. Approximately 4–6 tons of PG is produced per ton of phosphoric acid production, where worldwide PG generation exceeds 300 million tons annually. The vast majority of produced PG is discarded …
The P 2 O 5 and F are found in three forms: (i) on the surface of phosphogypsum crystals with water-soluble compounds (H 3 PO 4, Ca(H 2 PO 4) 2 ·H 2 O, NaF); (ii) substituted in the lattice of phosphogypsum crystal (effectively solid solutions of CaHPO4·2H 2 O or Na 2 SiF 6) in PG; and (iii) as insoluble compounds (Ca 3 (PO 4) …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a waste product of phosphate fertilizer and phosphoric acid industries. Vast quantities of the waste product are generally left stockpiled on the ground or discharged into rivers or ponds, and pose serious environmental concerns. ... Sahoo, P., and J. Joseph. 2021. "Radioactive hazards in utilization of industrial by ...
The issue has drawn attention, at least in part, because phosphogypsum includes radioactive elements. It is stored in huge stacks. Opposition to phosphogypsum in roads. Opponents raised questions about the potential hazards of using phosphogypsum, including whether it could harm people working on roads and …
The application of cast-in-situ phosphogypsum as the wall material of building structures can greatly reduce the environmental pollution caused by phosphogypsum. Through the uniaxial compression test of cast-in-situ phosphogypsum specimens, the compressive strength of cast-in-situ phosphogypsum is determined, …
Cemented backfill is an effective means to increase ore recovery, improve safety conditions, and reduce surface disposal of solid wastes. As a typical solid waste, phosphogypsum (PG) is the by ...
The concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K maintained in phosphate rock (PR), phosphoric acid (PA) and phosphogypsum (PG) samples and its possible radiation hazards, have been measured. The radionuclides in phosphate rock have been redistributed unsymmetrically between phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum during …
Abstract. Phosphogypsum (PG), the main industrial by-product of phosphate fertilizer industry, primarily consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate. However, it …
1 Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center (AITTC), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco; 2 OCP Group, OCP Sustainability Platform, Casablanca, Morocco; Salinity and sodicity are the most agricultural challenges in arid and semi-arid regions. A pot experiment was undertaken, to evaluate …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry that is produced during the phosphoric acid production process. Annual global PG production ranges …
DOI: 10.1002/tqem.21707 Corpus ID: 225159492; Efficiency of the use of neutralized phosphogypsum, phosphorite processing waste, in agriculture @article{Efremova2020EfficiencyOT, title={Efficiency of the use of neutralized phosphogypsum, phosphorite processing waste, in agriculture}, author={Saniya Y. …
Phosphogypsum (PG) is an acid by-product from the production phosphate fertilizers that is produced in large amounts all over the world. However, it is challenging …
The phosphogypsum leachate for the experiment was collected from the surface of an open-air leaching pond (with a volume of 2000 m 3) in the phosphorus chemical industry area of Kaiyang County, which is located northeast of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China (Fig. 1).A large phosphogypsum landfill is located near the …
In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) banned the use of phosphogypsum exceeding a certain radioactivity level (10 picocurie/gram), resulting in most phosphogypsum being stored in large stockpiles, visual reminders of the noncircularity of phosphorus resources. In 2020, the EPA reversed this decision to allow …