some small-scale smelter installations exploiting Dyke ores, namely MonaChrome in Chegutu, CINA, Jin An Corp & Xinyu and Wel Mining all based in Gweru. Historically, ZIMASCO and ZimAlloys represent more than ninety per cent of Zimbabwe's ferrochrome smelting capacity, producing three ferrochrome
The Outotec DC (Direct Current) Smelting Furnace is a cost-efficient, sustainable, and compact solution for ferroalloy processing. It can be used for direct smelting of fine ores, even those with highly variable chemical or …
An accuracy of 0.5% equals 200 kW on a 40 MW furnace. With such a furnace having heat losses in the range of 4−8 MW, the 200 kW is 2.5−5.0% on the heat losses, and only 0.56−0.63% on the metallurgical energy consumption of 32−36 MW.
Middleburg Ferrochrome (MFC), a company in Samancor Chrome, commissioned a new ferrochrome smelter in March 2009. This is a 60 MW DC-arc furnace with a DC power supply for the smelting of ...
The first industrial application of a DC arc furnace for smelting came about when Middelburg Steel & Alloys converted an existing AC furnace at Palmiet Ferrochrome (now Mogale Alloys) in Krugersdorp to a 12 MW (16 MVA) DC arc furnace in 1984. This furnace was upgraded to 40 MVA (∼33 MW) in 1988.
South Africa's ferrochrome industry has taken its first steps towards independent power generation, with plans to generate up to 750 MW of its own electricity (comprising wind, solar and ...
In the quarter to March, Glencore's attributable ferrochrome production amounted to 297 000 tons, dipping by 26% or some 103 000 tons below output for the same period a year ago.
ferrochrome in a 30 MW (40 MVA) DC arc furnace1. This furnace has been a low cost producer of ferrochrome for more than 20 years. During the 15 years prior to the present INFACON, three more DC arc furnaces were designed and built for the production of ferrochrome in South Africa. The smallest of these is a 10 MW unit, which was commis-
High Carbon Ferrochrome Technology. Johan Basson, Jorma Daavittila, in Handbook of Ferroalloys, 2013. 9.1.1 High Carbon Ferrochrome and Its Production Base. High carbon ferrochrome represents a group of alloys with a chromium content typically between 60% and 70% and a carbon content typically between 4% and 6%. To meet this specification …
ABSTRACT. Middleburg Ferro-Chrome (MFC), a company in Samancor Chrome, commissioned a new Ferro-Chrome smelter in March 2009. This is a 60 MW DC-arc furnace with a DC power supply for the smelting of Transvaal chromite ore fines.
Work to build the smelter is expected to start in 2025 and will take about three years to build with an estimated cost of about $1 billion. The city adds that timeline is based on the development ...
Operations at the Lion ferrochrome smelter and Eastern Chrome mines of the Glencore Merafe Chrome Venture have recommenced, but the Boshoek, Rustenburg, Wonderkop, Lydenburg smelters and Kroondal mine will remain on care and maintenance until the macroeconomic environment improves, Merafe Resources said on Friday. …
The grading of ferrochrome is crucial as it determines the alloy's suitability for various industrial applications. Here are some common ferrochrome grades used in industrial settings: High Carbon Ferrochrome. High carbon ferrochrome typically contains a higher percentage of carbon(4-9%), 60-70%Chrome and 1-3% Si.
High carbon ferrochrome represents a group of alloys with a chromium content typically between 60% and 70% and a carbon content typically between 4% and 6%. From: ... of these materials are chosen to produce the target stainless steel composition and quantity at the lowest possible cost (that is, with 'the lowest cost mix').
Resource Intensity Trends in the South African Ferrochrome Industry from 2007 to 2020. December 2022; Minerals 13(1):44; ... costs, the industry trend ... charged into a smelter.
Andre van Zyl Full Name: Andre Johan van Zyl Position: General works manager since October 2009 Date and Place of Birth: June 14, 1970, Pretoria Education: Laerskool Paul Kruger, Alberton ...
DC implementation only really became viable once low-cost high-power solid-state semiconductor rectifiers became available. Since the mid-1980s, the …
ferrochrome in a 30MW (40MVA) DC arc furnace[1]. This furnace has been a low cost producer of ferrochrome for more than 20 years. During the 15 years prior to the present INFACON, three more DC arc furnaces were designed and built for the production of ferrochrome in South Africa. The smallest of these is a 10MW unit, which
South Africa's 15 ferrochrome smelter sites are located from Boshoek and Rustenburg in the west to Lydenburg on the east, with Tubatse to the north and Mogale to the south. ... electrification ...
A review is presented of various DC arc furnaces in use, along with a discussion of the likely ways in which furnace power might be increased further in the …
Low cost ferroalloy extraction in DC-arc furnace at Middleburg Ferrochrome. Middleburg Ferro-Chrome (MFC), a company in Samancor Chrome, commissioned a …
DC arc furnace technology is regarded as one of the lowest-cost options for the production of ferrochromium.
DC arc furnace technology is regarded as one of the lowest-cost options for the production of ferrochromium. The first industrial application of a DC arc furnace for …
DC arc furnaces were first used industrially for the reductive smelting of chromite fines to produce ferrochromium thirty years ago. Since then, they have been used for a variety of applications, including the smelting of ilmenite to produce titania slag and pig iron, the recovery of cobalt from non-ferrous smelter slags, and the smelting of nickel …
Low cost ferroalloy extraction in DC-arc furnace at Middleburg Ferrochrome. D. Sager D. Grant R. Stadle T ... 2010; Middleburg Ferro-Chrome (MFC), a company in Samancor Chrome, commissioned a new FerroChrome smelter in March 2009. This is a 60 MW DC-arc furnace with a DC power supply for the smelting of …
The Outotec DC (Direct Current) Smelting Furnace is a cost-efficient, sustainable, and compact solution for ferroalloy processing. It can be used for direct smelting of fine …
Use a cost-efficient, sustainable, and compact solution for ferroalloys processing. Enables direct smelting of ores with fine particle sizes. Allows accurate process control with high metal recovery, even with lower …
The same measurements were made at the ferrochrome smelter plant. The off-gas will be analysed in a similar manner as for the ilmenite smelter as to determine what the energy content of the gas is ...
Middleburg Ferro-Chrome (MFC), a company in Samancor Chrome, commissioned a new FerroChrome smelter in March 2009. This is a 60 MW DC-arc furnace with a DC power supply for the smelting of Transvaal chromite ore fines. With the benefit of 12 years experience with this technology while operating a 44 MW DC-arc …
The vast majority of mined chromite, estimated at approximately 90–95%, is used to produce various ferrochrome (FeCr) grades. Subsequently, the stainless-steel …
The Lion smelter uses 37% less electricity than conventional ferrochrome processes to produce the equivalent volume of ferrochrome. In addition, the smelter needs far less coke than conventional ...
chromite, established bigger capacity smelter units, with better technology ... construction of a DC arc furnace in 24 months. 81 Zimasco also announced the construction of a sinter plant and an additional furnace. Considering all these changes, an additional 20% of product is ... high-quality ferrochrome products, due to a high Cr/Fe ratio. ...
In 2020, global ferrochrome production was 12.7 million tonnes in which China, South Africa and Kazakhstan rank as the top three producers. 14 Chromite (FeCr 2 O 4) ore is today the only economical chromium resource that contains about 45%Cr 2 O 3.It is extracted by either open-pit or underground method. 15 HC FeCr is typically …
Pending an improved price and cost environment, Glencore said in its first-quarter 2024 production report on Tuesday that its Rustenburg ferrochrome smelter in South Africa's North West province ...
Meanwhile, at the smelter, charge chrome is produced through a single stage process by smelting a mix of chromite, reductant and fluxes at temperatures in excess of 2000°C. Today ASA Metals operates at Dilokong with 2 smelters and is able to produce charge ferrochrome with an annual capacity of 120,000 Mt.
Submerged arc furnace is a smelting device with high efficiency but huge electricity consumption. A novel structure of direct current (DC) submerged arc furnace is investigated for ferrochrome production to save electric energy. For this purpose, a three-dimensional transient multi-physics model is developed to simulate the furnace. Via the …
Research shows potential effects of chromium. Deschamps points to a 2012 review on the effects of chromium and ferrochrome production from MiningWatch Canada, an organization that focuses on ...
Ferrometals, the largest single ferrochrome producer in the western world, is situated just outside of eMalahleni (formerly known as Witbank) in Mpumalanga. The IC3 plant produced intermediate carbon ferrochrome for the foundry and special steel-producing markets between 1986 and 2015.
Lydenburg ferrochrome smelter placed on care and maintenance September 9, 2020 September 9, ... but also to lower realised cost, insurance and freight (CIF) ferrochrome and chrome ore prices. Merafe's operating income is primarily generated from the Glencore-Merafe Chrome Venture (Venture) focusing on …
Dusts generated during ferrochrome smelting in a pilot-scale DC arc furnace were sampled from the furnace freeboard and from the off-gas handling stream (cyclone and baghouse).