The surface energy of coal particles under QSC and DI calculated by the traditional theory, which does not take into account the crack area, is 240.10 J/m 2 and 180.92 J/m 2, respectively, independent of the crushing ratio. The surface energy calculated by the fractal model is 3.55 J/m 2, taking into account the frictional heat.
Energy consumption values of primary, secondary, and total both crushers were calculated by using these correlations and compared with energy consumption values measured real timely at the crushing facility (Tables 9, …
The crushing energy of coal plays an important role in mining, gas extraction, occurrence of outburst accidents, and coal pulverisation engineering. ... almandine is a non-porous material, so the calculated surface energy is significantly less than in other materials. Few studies have been conducted on the surface energy of …
The problem of energy consumption during crushing or grinding, that is, determining the amount of energy required to reduce the size of mass unit of given material, is still not fully resolved.
Sizing a crusher can be done reliably calculated thanks to the Impact/Crushing Work Index and the testwork research done by Fred Chester Bond …
This paper provides an energy consumption model and explains how the operating conditions and structural parameters of a crushing chamber affect energy consumption. Energy consumption is closely related to compressive pressure and displacement. The relationship between pressure, displacement and structural …
The crust crushing energy was defined by the force from which the force first drops 25% (Boyd et al.,1983) and was determined from the energy required to crush the crust divided by the crust mass ...
in a two-stage and a single-stage crushing process and to determine technological parameters of the latter, i.e., performance, effective energy and crushing forces. 2. …
It was found that BLS with wall thickness (t) of 1.2 mm exhibited better energy absorption performance than 0.45 mm, with the energy absorption (EA), specific energy absorption (SEA), and mean crushing force (P m) increased by 745.0%, 216.5%, and 744.3%, respectively. The change in crushing mode was caused by the '+' shaped …
Therefore, the crushing energy is used to respresent the particle breakage in this paper. Figure 18 b presents the relationship between the crushing energy at the test end and the confining pressure. The crushing energy at the end of the test increases exponentially with increasing confining pressure, and growth rate gradually decreases.
The energy absorption characteristics of the polygonal double tubes with different cross-sectional forms are calculated and ranked. The results show that the B9 double tube has the best comprehensive performance. ... Three-tube structures have better specific energy absorption and crushing force efficiency at the same mass, wall …
The crushing and energy absorption properties of the CSMT and its composite structure with the thin-walled metal tube can be considered for further study by drawing lessons from the behaviour of the aluminium filler. ... The mean crushing forces were calculated using Eq. (4).
The bamboo node has less influence on the peak value of compressive force, whereas the maximum crushing forces of bamboo culms with various growth ages are different, among which the 1-year-old bamboo culm has the largest crushing force. The displacement and energy-displacement curves shown in Fig. 8 indicate that the crushing displacement …
In the example, the variable crusher costs were set to zero, while the energy and wear part costs were automatically calculated by the crushing models and no additional variable costs were assigned. Results The first optimization led to the results shown in table 1. It maximizes plant profit without activating any shape constraints.
Similar to the single-particle crushing strength, to further evaluate the reliability of the single-particle crushing energy data calculated from the test results, the box plot was used to statistically analyze the 9 sets (270 particles) of crushing energy results of the single particle of the recycled aggregate, as shown in Fig. 13.
The specific energy consumption at the motor input can be predicted using Bond's equation: E = 10 × CWi × (P80 – ½ - F80 –½). where CWi is your work index, F80 is the 80% passing size of the feed measured in µm, and P80 is the 80% passing size of the product measured in µm. E is the specific energy in kWh/tonne. Very important -- there …
In addition, thicker pleated plate could also increase energy absorption and crushing force. The results also showed that filling polyurethane and decreasing parameter k could reduce the peak force before densification and thus, improving crush force efficiency. Moreover, a theoretical model, considering strain rate effects of …
In the expression, W is the energy consumed by crushing unit mass material; F and P are the particle size of the material before and after crushing (the sieving particle size corresponding to the yield under the sieve of 80%, μm). In a given crushing process, the work index calculated according to the W, F, and P values of the actual …
the energy loss, E L, of the collision. The CRASH3 method is formulated to provide the energy loss associated with crush normal to the damaged surface (Anon., 1981), so the …
calculate crush energy given the stiffness coefficients A and В for both barrier and car-car crush. A numerical version of this formula which allows for 2, 4, or 6 equally spaced …
The deviation of the calculated energy absorption from the measured data in the first three stages is only 4.3%, but it is 10.6% in the folding stage. ... The properties of crushing and absorbing ...
With the drum divided into several regions and collision energy of each region calculated through Monte-Carlo method respectively, the method of regional total energy can accurately obtain the crushing energy of different regions in the drum and then reflect the working effect in each region, which provides a more comprehensive overall ...
Abstract The crush energy is a key parameter to determine the delta-V in accident reconstructions. Since an accurate car crush profile can be obtained from 3D …
crushing for er = 24 mm and 11 mm. In the tests special design of variable profile moving jaw was used and fixed jaw was flat. The analysis of the results shows that taking into account energy consumption, it is better to use two-stage crushing process. For given materials energy consumption in the two-stage crushing process was reduced by 30%.
In this study, the fractal fragmentation theory is used to describe the PSD of rock after crushing. The new surface theory is adopted to characterize the rock firmness; the firmness is directly proportional to the surface energy consumption (Bond 1955; Carpinteri et al. 2004)bining these two theories, a new index, f s, is …
The work of the normal component and tangential component of the crash impulse vector are individually associated with the crush energy and with the tangential energy loss …
The elastic potential of rock was introduced into the model and the mobile power and crushing energy were calculated according to the stacking states of coal and surface energy of fracturing. A ...
SEA can be calculated according to Eq (1): (1) SEA = EA m where EA is the energy absorbed by the tube during the crushing process and it can be calculated as the area enclosed by the force-displacement curve. Given that F(x) is the instantaneous crushing force at crushing distance x; and δ is the total crushing distance, the …
A novel bi-material multistable auxetic honeycomb (BMAH) with reusable and enhanced energy-absorbing phases was designed. • The crushing stress–strain curve shows three stress plateaus, and BMAH maintains a stable Poisson's ratio even at high strain levels, transitioning from near-zero to negative and then to positive.
The crushing behavior and energy absorption capacity of graded honeycombs under out-of-plane dynamic compression are analyzed and characterized in Section 4. ... Good agreement between the crushing strength calculated from numerical results and the theoretical solution is obtained, validating the numerical modeling …
Crushing behavior and energy absorption performance of sinusoidal-shaped honeycomb structure (SSHS) under quasi-static out-of-plane compression are investigated numerically and theoretically. ... The average crushing force can be calculated by analyzing the energy dissipation of a folded structure with a specific wavelength and …
had a significant impact on the crushing energy. The effect of bulk density was not large while for the hardness could not be stated that it had influence. By the analysis of deviations of specific crushing energy calculated using equations obtained by multiple regression analysis of simultaneous influence of
The sum of the work for compression and shearing is the energy input. At the present state of the art the efficiency can only be compared to that of the associated energy of free crushing. Thus, if a lesser energy is required, a higher efficiency can be calculated over that for simple crushing.
computer module then calculated crushing energy. In operation, the SACEM determined an initial break force, defined as the force from which the force first drops 25%, as illustrated in figure 1. The crushing cycle ends when the crushing force reaches 1.5 times the initial break force. Although the SACEM provided a large amount of useful
The gas expansion energy consists of adsorbed gas energy and free gas energy and accounts for 81.6–91.0% of the gas expansion energy, and it is the main energy source for continuous coal fragmentation and transport. The energy conversion of an outburst mainly occurs among gas expansion energy, coal crushing, and transport energy.
The specific energy consumption at the motor input can be predicted using Bond's equation: E = 10 × CWi × (P80 – ½ - F80 –½). where CWi is your work index, F80 is the …
the crush energy calculated from the barrier force was substantially larger than the internal energy calculated from the FE model. Whereas the crush energy calculated …
Impact of HPGR operational pressing force and material moisture on energy consumption and crushing product fineness in high-pressure grinding processes ... were calculated. All models appeared to be highly accurate from the statistical point of view and relationships of both pressing force and the moisture appeared significant. The pressing ...
A Soil-Aggregate Crushing-Energy Meter1 D. W. BOYD, E. L. SKIDMORE, AND J. G. THOMPSON2 ABSTRACT An improved technique for measuring the energy of crushing of soil ... the energy of crushing was calculated. The surface area was found by sieving the crushed sample into 13 size fractions. The average surface area
The Work index coefficients values were then calculated and correlated to passing feed sizes that do not, ... Comparison between bond crushing energy and fracture energy of rocks in a jaw crusher using numerical simulation. J South Afr Inst Mining Metall, 109 (2009), pp. 709-717. View in Scopus Google Scholar